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Timeline

Key works and lifetimes in chronological order, linked to the lessons that discuss them.

  1. 868 — The Diamond Sutra is printed (11 May 868): the oldest surviving dated printed book — A History of Mass Media
  2. 1377 — The Jikji is printed in Korea with movable metal type — A History of Mass Media
  3. 1455 — The Helmasperger Notarial Instrument records the Gutenberg–Fust hearing (6 November 1455) — A History of Mass Media
  4. 1605 — Carolus’s regular printed news sheet in Strasbourg — A History of Mass Media
  5. 1622 — The Congregatio de Propaganda Fide is founded (bull of 22 June) — A History of Propaganda
  6. 1727 — Müteferrika receives permission for a press (July 1727) — A History of Mass Media
  7. 1729 — The Vankulu Dictionary, first book of Müteferrika’s press — A History of Mass Media
  8. 1798 — Born: Auguste Comte
  9. 1805 — Born: Alexis de Tocqueville
  10. 1810 — Born: Benjamin Day
  11. 1818 — Born: Karl Marx
  12. 1820 — Born: Herbert Spencer
  13. 1831 — Takvim-i Vekayi, the Ottoman state gazette (November 1831) — A History of Mass Media
  14. 1833 — The one-cent Sun starts the penny press in New York — A History of Mass Media
  15. 1835 — Tocqueville, De la démocratie en Amérique, vol. 1: the tyranny of the majority — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  16. 1835 — Work: Tocqueville, Alexis de (1835). De la démocratie en Amérique. Paris: Librairie de Charles Gosselin. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  17. 1839 — The daguerreotype is offered as a gift to humanity — A History of Mass Media
  18. 1839 — Comte, Cours de philosophie positive, fourth volume: the word “sociologie” in a footnote — Roots of Social Thought
  19. 1839 — Work: Comte, Auguste (1839). Cours de philosophie positive, tome quatrième, contenant la philosophie sociale et les conclusions générales (première partie). Paris: Bachelier. — Roots of Social Thought
  20. 1840 — Tocqueville, vol. 2: individualism and the tutelary power — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  21. 1841 — Born: Gustave Le Bon
  22. 1843 — Born: Gabriel Tarde
  23. 1844 — Morse’s Washington–Baltimore telegraph line — A History of Mass Media
  24. 1845 — Work: Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich. The German Ideology, part I: Feuerbach (section 'Ruling Class and Ruling Ideas'). Marxists Internet Archive (1845). https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01b.htm — Roots of Social Thought
  25. 1855 — Born: Ferdinand Tönnies
  26. 1857 — Died: Auguste Comte
  27. 1858 — Born: Émile Durkheim
  28. 1858 — Born: Georg Simmel
  29. 1859 — Born: John Dewey
  30. 1859 — Died: Alexis de Tocqueville
  31. 1860 — Tercüman-ı Ahval, a private newspaper issued without state support — A History of Mass Media
  32. 1863 — Born: George Herbert Mead
  33. 1863 — Born: William I. Thomas
  34. 1864 — Born: Charles Horton Cooley
  35. 1864 — Born: Robert E. Park
  36. 1864 — Born: Max Weber
  37. 1876 — Born: George Creel
  38. 1880 — The New York Daily Graphic prints the first halftone photograph — A History of Mass Media
  39. 1883 — Died: Karl Marx
  40. 1883 — Born: José Ortega y Gasset
  41. 1886 — Born: Ernest W. Burgess
  42. 1887 — Tönnies, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft — Roots of Social Thought
  43. 1887 — Work: Tönnies, Ferdinand (1957 [1887]). Community and society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft), translated and edited by Charles P. Loomis. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. — Roots of Social Thought
  44. 1889 — Died: Benjamin Day
  45. 1889 — Born: Walter Lippmann
  46. 1890 — Work: James, William (1890). The principles of psychology (1st ed. (2 vols.)). New York: Henry Holt and Company. — The Chicago School and Communication
  47. 1890 — Tarde, Les lois de l’imitation — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  48. 1890 — Work: Tarde, Gabriel (1890). Les lois de l'imitation: étude sociologique. Paris: Félix Alcan. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  49. 1891 — Born: Edward L. Bernays
  50. 1892 — Albion Small founds the first sociology department in the United States, at Chicago — The Chicago School and Communication
  51. 1893 — Durkheim, The Division of Labour: mechanical and organic solidarity — Roots of Social Thought
  52. 1893 — Work: Durkheim, Émile (1893). De la division du travail social: étude sur l'organisation des sociétés supérieures. Paris: Alcan. — Roots of Social Thought
  53. 1893 — Born: Karl Mannheim
  54. 1894 — Born: Warren Weaver
  55. 1895 — The Lumière brothers give a paid screening in Paris — A History of Mass Media
  56. 1895 — Durkheim, The Rules of Sociological Method: treat facts as things — Roots of Social Thought
  57. 1895 — Work: Durkheim, Émile (1895). Les règles de la méthode sociologique. Paris: Alcan. — Roots of Social Thought
  58. 1895 — Le Bon, Psychologie des foules: the “era of crowds” — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  59. 1895 — Work: Le Bon, Gustave (1895). Psychologie des foules. Paris: Félix Alcan. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  60. 1896 — Born: Roman Jakobson
  61. 1897 — Durkheim, Suicide: anomie and the newspaper–imitation test — Roots of Social Thought
  62. 1897 — Work: Durkheim, Émile (1897). Le suicide: étude de sociologie. Paris: Félix Alcan. — Roots of Social Thought
  63. 1897 — Born: Louis Wirth
  64. 1900 — Born: Herbert Blumer
  65. 1901 — Tarde, L’opinion et la foule: public and crowd — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  66. 1901 — Work: Tarde, Gabriel (1901). L'opinion et la foule. Paris: Félix Alcan. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  67. 1901 — Born: Paul Lazarsfeld
  68. 1902 — Cooley, Human Nature and the Social Order: the looking-glass self — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  69. 1902 — Work: Cooley, Charles Horton (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  70. 1902 — Work: Lenin, V. I. (1902). What is to be done? Burning questions of our movement. Stuttgart: Dietz. — A History of Propaganda
  71. 1902 — Born: Harold D. Lasswell
  72. 1902 — Born: Talcott Parsons
  73. 1902 — Born: Karl Popper
  74. 1903 — Simmel, The Metropolis and Mental Life — Roots of Social Thought
  75. 1903 — Work: Simmel, Georg (1903). Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben. Die Großstadt. Vorträge und Aufsätze zur Städteausstellung (Jahrbuch der Gehe-Stiftung zu Dresden, ed. Th. Petermann), 9, 185-206. — Roots of Social Thought
  76. 1903 — Born: Theodore M. Newcomb
  77. 1903 — Died: Herbert Spencer
  78. 1904 — Weber, The Protestant Ethic (1904–05): the steel-hard shell — Roots of Social Thought
  79. 1904 — Died: Gabriel Tarde
  80. 1906 — Born: Hadley Cantril
  81. 1907 — Born: Solomon Asch
  82. 1907 — Born: Wilbur Schramm
  83. 1908 — Simmel, Soziologie: the stranger — Roots of Social Thought
  84. 1908 — Work: Simmel, Georg (1908). Soziologie: Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung. Duncker & Humblot. — Roots of Social Thought
  85. 1909 — Work: Cooley, Charles Horton (1909). Social organization: A study of the larger mind (1st ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. — The Chicago School and Communication
  86. 1910 — Weber’s proposal of a press survey at the German Sociological Society — Roots of Social Thought
  87. 1910 — Work: Weber, Max (1910). Geschäftsbericht (speech at the First German Sociological Congress, Frankfurt am Main, October 1910). . http://www.zeno.org/Soziologie/M/Weber,+Max/Schriften+zur+Soziologie+und+Sozialpolitik/Gesch%C3%A4ftsbericht+und+Diskussionsreden+auf+dem+ersten+Deutschen+Soziologentage+in+Frankfurt+1910/Gesch%C3%A4ftsbericht — Roots of Social Thought
  88. 1910 — Born: Robert K. Merton
  89. 1912 — Born: Jacques Ellul
  90. 1914 — The British cabinet approves an organisation for propaganda abroad (5 September); Wellington House — A History of Propaganda
  91. 1915 — Park, “The City”: the city as a laboratory — The Chicago School and Communication
  92. 1915 — Work: Park, Robert E. (1915). The city: Suggestions for the investigation of human behavior in the city environment. American Journal of Sociology, 20(5), 577-612. https://doi.org/10.1086/212433 — The Chicago School and Communication
  93. 1915 — The report of the Bryce Committee is published — A History of Propaganda
  94. 1915 — Work: Bryce, James (1915). Report of the Committee on Alleged German Outrages appointed by His Britannic Majesty's Government and presided over by the Right Hon. Viscount Bryce. London; New York: His Majesty's Stationery Office; Macmillan (New York). — A History of Propaganda
  95. 1916 — Dewey, Democracy and Education: society exists in communication — The Chicago School and Communication
  96. 1916 — Work: Dewey, John (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education (1st ed.). New York: Macmillan. — The Chicago School and Communication
  97. 1916 — Born: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
  98. 1916 — Born: Charles E. Osgood
  99. 1916 — Born: Claude E. Shannon
  100. 1917 — The Zimmermann telegram: British intelligence deciphers the coded message, the American press publishes it in March, the US declares war in April (this lesson’s lab case) — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  101. 1917 — The Committee on Public Information is created in the United States (13 April) — A History of Propaganda
  102. 1917 — The “corpse factory” story appears in British newspapers (17 April) — A History of Propaganda
  103. 1917 — The Committee on Public Information is set up in the United States (13 April) — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  104. 1917 — Died: Émile Durkheim
  105. 1918 — Thomas and Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant: letters become data — The Chicago School and Communication
  106. 1918 — Work: Thomas, William I.; Znaniecki, Florian (1918). The Polish peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of an immigrant group. Volume I: Primary-group organization (1st ed.). Boston: Richard G. Badger (The Gorham Press). — The Chicago School and Communication
  107. 1918 — The New York Tribune describes the propagandist’s job with the “dropping acids” image (12 July) — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  108. 1918 — Died: Georg Simmel
  109. 1919 — Born: George Gerbner
  110. 1920 — KDKA broadcasts election returns over the radio — A History of Mass Media
  111. 1920 — The Anadolu Agency is founded in Ankara (6 April 1920) — A History of Mass Media
  112. 1920 — The Department of Agitation and Propaganda is set up in the Soviet Communist Party — A History of Propaganda
  113. 1920 — Work: Creel, George (1920). How we advertised America: The first telling of the amazing story of the Committee on Public Information that carried the gospel of Americanism to every corner of the globe. New York and London: Harper & Brothers. — A History of Propaganda
  114. 1920 — Died: Max Weber
  115. 1921 — Park and Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology — The Chicago School and Communication
  116. 1921 — Work: Park, Robert E.; Burgess, Ernest W. (1921). Introduction to the science of sociology (1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. — The Chicago School and Communication
  117. 1921 — Born: Paul Watzlawick
  118. 1922 — Tönnies, Critique of Public Opinion — Roots of Social Thought
  119. 1922 — Work: Weber, Max (1947 [1922]). The theory of social and economic organization. New York: Free Press of Glencoe. — Roots of Social Thought
  120. 1922 — Work: Tönnies, Ferdinand (1922). Kritik der öffentlichen Meinung. Berlin: Springer. — Roots of Social Thought
  121. 1922 — Park, The Immigrant Press and Its Control — The Chicago School and Communication
  122. 1922 — Work: Park, Robert E. (1922). The immigrant press and its control (1st ed.). New York and London: Harper & Brothers. — The Chicago School and Communication
  123. 1922 — Work: Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public Opinion (1st). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — The Chicago School and Communication
  124. 1922 — Work: Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public Opinion (1st). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  125. 1922 — Work: Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public Opinion (1st). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  126. 1922 — Lippmann, Public Opinion: “the pictures in our heads” and the pseudo-environment — Agenda-Setting
  127. 1922 — Work: Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public Opinion (1st). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — Agenda-Setting
  128. 1922 — Born: Erving Goffman
  129. 1922 — Born: Thomas S. Kuhn
  130. 1922 — Born: Gerhard Maletzke
  131. 1923 — Park, “The Natural History of the Newspaper” — The Chicago School and Communication
  132. 1923 — Work: Park, Robert E. (1923). The natural history of the newspaper. American Journal of Sociology, 29(3), 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1086/213596 — The Chicago School and Communication
  133. 1923 — Malinowski introduces “phatic communion” in the first supplement to Ogden and Richards’ The Meaning of Meaning — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  134. 1923 — Work: Malinowski, Bronisław (1923). The problem of meaning in primitive languages (Supplement I). In The meaning of meaning, by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  135. 1924 — Work: Augustus (1924). Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Monumentum Ancyranum), in: Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman history; Res Gestae Divi Augusti, translated by Frederick W. Shipley (Loeb Classical Library). London; Cambridge, MA: William Heinemann; Harvard University Press. — A History of Propaganda
  136. 1925 — Park and Burgess, The City: the ring model — The Chicago School and Communication
  137. 1925 — Work: Park, Robert E.; Burgess, Ernest W. (1925). The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment (1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. — The Chicago School and Communication
  138. 1925 — The House of Commons hears the German denial of the corpse story and accepts it (2 December) — A History of Propaganda
  139. 1925 — Work: Kadaver factories: statement by the Secretary for War (HC Deb 24 November 1925, vol. 188, cc. 1142-3). UK Parliament, Historic Hansard (1925). https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1925/nov/24/statement-by-secretary-for-war — A History of Propaganda
  140. 1925 — Work: Kadaver factories: German Government denial (HC Deb 2 December 1925, vol. 188, cc. 2232-3). UK Parliament, Historic Hansard (1925). https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1925/dec/02/german-government-denial — A History of Propaganda
  141. 1925 — Work: Lippmann, Walter (1925). The phantom public (1st). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  142. 1925 — Born: William Kornhauser
  143. 1926 — Dewey delivers the lectures behind The Public and Its Problems (January) — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  144. 1926 — Born: Bernard Cohen
  145. 1927 — The first broadcast of Istanbul Radio (6 May 1927) — A History of Mass Media
  146. 1927 — Dewey, The Public and Its Problems — The Chicago School and Communication
  147. 1927 — Work: Dewey, John (1927). The public and its problems (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. — The Chicago School and Communication
  148. 1927 — Lasswell, Propaganda Technique in the World War: a book on First World War propaganda — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  149. 1927 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1927). Propaganda technique in the world war (1st). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  150. 1927 — Lasswell: Propaganda Technique in the World War — A History of Propaganda
  151. 1927 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1927). Propaganda technique in the World War. London; New York: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.; Alfred A. Knopf. — A History of Propaganda
  152. 1927 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1927). Propaganda technique in the World War. London; New York: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.; Alfred A. Knopf. — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  153. 1927 — Work: Dewey, John (1927). The public and its problems (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  154. 1927 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1927). Propaganda technique in the World War. London; New York: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.; Alfred A. Knopf. — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  155. 1928 — W. I. Thomas and D. S. Thomas, The Child in America: the “definition of the situation” sentence — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  156. 1928 — Work: Thomas, William I.; Thomas, Dorothy Swaine (1928). The child in America: Behavior problems and programs (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  157. 1928 — Thomas and Thomas, The Child in America: the Thomas theorem — The Chicago School and Communication
  158. 1928 — Work: Thomas, William I.; Thomas, Dorothy Swaine (1928). The child in America: Behavior problems and programs (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. — The Chicago School and Communication
  159. 1928 — Hartley, “Transmission of Information” (Bell System Technical Journal): a physical measure of information — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  160. 1928 — Work: Hartley, R. V. L. (1928). Transmission of information. Bell System Technical Journal, 7(3), 535-563. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1928.tb01236.x — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  161. 1928 — Bernays: Propaganda — A History of Propaganda
  162. 1928 — Work: Bernays, Edward L. (1928). Propaganda. New York: Horace Liveright. — A History of Propaganda
  163. 1928 — Work: Ponsonby, Arthur (1928). Falsehood in war-time: Containing an assortment of lies circulated throughout the nations during the Great War. London: George Allen & Unwin. — A History of Propaganda
  164. 1929 — Born: David K. Berlo
  165. 1929 — Died: Charles Horton Cooley
  166. 1930 — Ortega y Gasset, La rebelión de las masas (book; newspaper articles 1929) — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  167. 1930 — Work: Ortega y Gasset, José (1930). La rebelión de las masas. Madrid: Revista de Occidente. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  168. 1931 — Died: Gustave Le Bon
  169. 1931 — Died: George Herbert Mead
  170. 1933 — The first Payne Fund volumes are published by Macmillan (Peterson–Thurstone, Shuttleworth–May, Blumer) — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  171. 1933 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1933). Movies and conduct (1st ed.). New York: Macmillan. — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  172. 1933 — Work: Peterson, Ruth C.; Thurstone, L. L. (1933). Motion pictures and the social attitudes of children. New York: Macmillan. — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  173. 1933 — Work: Shuttleworth, Frank K.; May, Mark A. (1933). The social conduct and attitudes of movie fans. New York: Macmillan. — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  174. 1933 — Blumer, Movies and Conduct: movie autobiographies — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  175. 1933 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1933). Movies and conduct (1st ed.). New York: Macmillan. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  176. 1933 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1933). Movies and conduct (1st ed.). New York: Macmillan. — The Chicago School and Communication
  177. 1933 — The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda is created in Germany (13 March) — A History of Propaganda
  178. 1933 — Work: Erlaß über die Errichtung des Reichsministeriums für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda vom 13. März 1933 (RGBl. 1933 I, S. 104). verfassungen.de (1933). https://www.verfassungen.de/de33-45/propaganda33-2.htm — A History of Propaganda
  179. 1934 — Mead, Mind, Self, and Society (posthumous, compiled from student notes) — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  180. 1934 — Work: Mead, George Herbert (1934). Mind, self, and society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist (edited, with introduction, by Charles W. Morris). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  181. 1934 — Bühler, Sprachtheorie: the three functions of language (expression, appeal, representation) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  182. 1934 — Work: Bühler, Karl (1934). Sprachtheorie. Jena: Gustav Fischer. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  183. 1935 — Popper, Logik der Forschung: the falsifiability criterion (English 1959) — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  184. 1935 — Work: Popper, Karl R. (1959 [1935]). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson. — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  185. 1935 — Mannheim, Mensch und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter des Umbaus (English 1940) — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  186. 1935 — Work: Mannheim, Karl (1940 [1935]). Man and society in an age of reconstruction: Studies in modern social structure. New York: Harcourt, Brace. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  187. 1935 — Born: Denis McQuail
  188. 1936 — The BBC starts its television service from Alexandra Palace — A History of Mass Media
  189. 1936 — The Literary Digest poll: about 2.4 million responses, wrong forecast — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  190. 1936 — Work: Park, Robert Ezra (1936). Human ecology. American Journal of Sociology, 42(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1086/217327 — The Chicago School and Communication
  191. 1936 — Died: Ferdinand Tönnies
  192. 1937 — Blumer coins the term “symbolic interactionism” — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  193. 1937 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1937). Social psychology. In Schmidt, Emerson P. (Eds.), Man and society: A substantive introduction to the social science. Prentice-Hall. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  194. 1937 — Work: Parsons, Talcott (1937). The structure of social action. New York: McGraw-Hill. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  195. 1937 — The Institute for Propaganda Analysis is founded (October) — A History of Propaganda
  196. 1938 — Wirth, “Urbanism as a Way of Life” — The Chicago School and Communication
  197. 1938 — Work: Wirth, Louis (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1086/217913 — The Chicago School and Communication
  198. 1938 — Work: Park, Robert E. (1938). Reflections on communication and culture. American Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 187-205. https://doi.org/10.1086/217969 — The Chicago School and Communication
  199. 1938 — CBS’s Mercury Theatre on the Air: the Martian invasion broadcast (the lab case of this lesson’s Maletzke card) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  200. 1938 — Orson Welles’s Mars invasion radio play is broadcast (30 October) — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  201. 1938 — Born: Maxwell McCombs
  202. 1939 — Work: Lee, Alfred McClung; Lee, Elizabeth Briant (1939). The fine art of propaganda: A study of Father Coughlin's speeches (prepared by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. — A History of Propaganda
  203. 1940 — The Erie County voter panel: monthly interviews with 600 people (May–November 1940) — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  204. 1940 — Park, “News as a Form of Knowledge” — The Chicago School and Communication
  205. 1940 — Work: Park, Robert E. (1940). News as a form of knowledge: A chapter in the sociology of knowledge. American Journal of Sociology, 45(5), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1086/218445 — The Chicago School and Communication
  206. 1940 — Work: Cantril, Hadley (1940). The invasion from Mars: A study in the psychology of panic (with the assistance of Hazel Gaudet and Herta Herzog). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  207. 1941 — Lazarsfeld, the distinction between administrative and critical communication research — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  208. 1941 — Work: Lazarsfeld, Paul F. (1941). Remarks on administrative and critical communications research. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, 9(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.5840/zfs1941912 — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  209. 1941 — Work: Rugg, Donald (1941). Experiments in wording questions: II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 5(1), 91-92. https://doi.org/10.1086/265467 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  210. 1941 — Shannon joins Bell Telephone Laboratories — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  211. 1943 — Schramm sets up the mass-communication Ph.D. programme at Iowa (the world’s first, according to Rogers) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  212. 1944 — Work: Lazarsfeld, Paul F.; Berelson, Bernard; Gaudet, Hazel (1944). The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce. — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  213. 1944 — Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet: The People’s Choice (Erie County, 1940 election) — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  214. 1944 — Work: Lazarsfeld, Paul F.; Berelson, Bernard; Gaudet, Hazel (1944). The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  215. 1944 — Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet: The People’s Choice — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  216. 1944 — Died: Robert E. Park
  217. 1945 — Work: Shannon, Claude E. (1945). A mathematical theory of cryptography (Technical memorandum (Research Department, Case 20878), 1 September 1945; classified at the time). New York: Bell Telephone Laboratories. https://www.iacr.org/museum/shannon/shannon45.pdf — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  218. 1946 — Merton and Kendall: the “focused interview” article — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  219. 1946 — Work: Merton, Robert K.; Kendall, Patricia L. (1946). The focused interview. American Journal of Sociology, 51(6), 541-557. https://doi.org/10.1086/219886 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  220. 1947 — Schramm founds the Institute of Communications Research at Illinois — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  221. 1947 — Work: Cooper, Eunice; Jahoda, Marie (1971 [1947]). The evasion of propaganda: How prejudiced people respond to anti-prejudice propaganda. In Schramm, Wilbur; Roberts, Donald F. (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (rev. ed.) (pp. 287-299). University of Illinois Press. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  222. 1947 — Work: Bernays, Edward L. (1947). The engineering of consent. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 250(1), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271624725000116 — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  223. 1947 — Died: Karl Mannheim
  224. 1947 — Died: William I. Thomas
  225. 1948 — Shannon: “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” (Bell System Technical Journal) — What Is Communication?
  226. 1948 — Work: Shannon, Claude E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3-4), 379-423, 623-656. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x — What Is Communication?
  227. 1948 — The Bryson volume: Lasswell’s three functions and the Lazarsfeld–Merton chapter — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  228. 1948 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1948). The structure and function of communication in society. In Bryson, Lyman (Eds.), The Communication of Ideas: A Series of Addresses (pp. 37-51). Institute for Religious and Social Studies. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  229. 1948 — Work: Lazarsfeld, Paul F.; Merton, Robert K. (1948). Mass communication, popular taste and organized social action. In Bryson, Lyman (Eds.), The Communication of Ideas: A Series of Addresses. Institute for Religious and Social Studies. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  230. 1948 — Merton, “The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy”: the theorem’s name and the bank parable — The Chicago School and Communication
  231. 1948 — Work: Merton, Robert K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8(2), 193-210. https://doi.org/10.2307/4609267 — The Chicago School and Communication
  232. 1948 — Lasswell, “The Structure and Function of Communication in Society”: five questions and three functions — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  233. 1948 — Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” (July and October issues) — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  234. 1948 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1948). The structure and function of communication in society. In Bryson, Lyman (Eds.), The Communication of Ideas: A Series of Addresses (pp. 37-51). Institute for Religious and Social Studies. — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  235. 1948 — Work: Shannon, Claude E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3-4), 379-423, 623-656. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  236. 1948 — Lasswell, “The Structure and Function of Communication in Society”: the five questions — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  237. 1948 — Work: Lasswell, Harold D. (1948). The structure and function of communication in society. In Bryson, Lyman (Eds.), The Communication of Ideas: A Series of Addresses (pp. 37-51). Institute for Religious and Social Studies. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  238. 1949 — Weaver’s essay on the mathematical theory of communication, in the joint book with Shannon — What Is Communication?
  239. 1949 — Work: Weaver, Warren (1949). Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication. In The mathematical theory of communication (with Claude E. Shannon). University of Illinois Press. — What Is Communication?
  240. 1949 — Lazarsfeld’s American Soldier review: the “obvious” list — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  241. 1949 — Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure: middle-range theories — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  242. 1949 — Work: Merton, Robert K. (1949). Social theory and social structure (1st ed.). Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press. — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  243. 1949 — Work: Lazarsfeld, Paul F. (1949). The American Soldier—An expository review. Public Opinion Quarterly, 13(3), 377-404. https://doi.org/10.1086/266089 — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  244. 1949 — Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure: manifest and latent functions — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  245. 1949 — Work: Merton, Robert K. (1949). Social theory and social structure (1st ed.). Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  246. 1949 — Shannon and Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication (book) — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  247. 1949 — Work: Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  248. 1949 — Shannon and Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication (book): the starting point of this lesson — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  249. 1949 — Work: Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  250. 1950 — Work: Bode, Hendrik W.; Shannon, Claude E. (1950). A simplified derivation of linear least square smoothing and prediction theory. Proceedings of the IRE, 38(4), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1950.231821 — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  251. 1951 — Parsons, The Social System — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  252. 1951 — Work: Parsons, Talcott (1951). The social system. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  253. 1951 — Work: Shannon, Claude E. (1951). Prediction and entropy of printed English. Bell System Technical Journal, 30(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1951.tb01366.x — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  254. 1952 — Berelson, Content Analysis in Communication Research — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  255. 1952 — Schramm writes “How Communication Works” (by his own account) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  256. 1952 — Died: John Dewey
  257. 1952 — Died: Louis Wirth
  258. 1953 — Shils and Young: a Durkheimian reading of the coronation — Roots of Social Thought
  259. 1953 — Newcomb, “An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts”: A, B, X — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  260. 1953 — Work: Newcomb, Theodore M. (1953). An approach to the study of communicative acts. Psychological Review, 60(6), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063098 — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  261. 1953 — Died: George Creel
  262. 1954 — Schramm’s “How Communication Works” appears as the first chapter of The Process and Effects of Mass Communication — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  263. 1954 — Work: Schramm, Wilbur (1954). How communication works. In Schramm, Wilbur (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (pp. 3-26). University of Illinois Press. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  264. 1955 — Katz and Lazarsfeld: Personal Influence (the Decatur study) — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  265. 1955 — Work: Katz, Elihu; Lazarsfeld, Paul F. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  266. 1955 — Westley and MacLean, “A Conceptual Model for Communications Research” (first version, Audio-Visual Communication Review) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  267. 1955 — Work: Westley, Bruce H.; MacLean, Malcolm S., Jr. (1955). A conceptual model for communications research. Audio-Visual Communication Review, 3(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02713344 — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  268. 1955 — Katz and Lazarsfeld: Personal Influence; the first pages of the “powerful to limited” story — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  269. 1955 — Died: José Ortega y Gasset
  270. 1956 — Work: Goffman, Erving (1959 [1956]). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  271. 1956 — Blumer, “Sociological Analysis and the Variable” — The Chicago School and Communication
  272. 1956 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1956). Sociological analysis and the "variable". American Sociological Review, 21(6), 683-690. https://doi.org/10.2307/2088418 — The Chicago School and Communication
  273. 1956 — Shannon’s editorial “The Bandwagon”: a warning against overextending information theory — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  274. 1956 — Work: Shannon, Claude E. (1956). The bandwagon. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1956.1056774 — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  275. 1956 — Gerbner, “Toward a general model of communication” (AV Communication Review) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  276. 1956 — Work: Gerbner, George (1956). Toward a general model of communication. AV Communication Review, 4(3), 171-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02717110 — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  277. 1957 — Westley and MacLean’s revised article, Journalism Quarterly — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  278. 1957 — Work: Westley, Bruce H.; MacLean, Malcolm S., Jr. (1957). A conceptual model for communications research. Journalism Quarterly, 34(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769905703400103 — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  279. 1958 — Work: Williams, Raymond (1958). Culture and society 1780-1950. London: Chatto & Windus. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  280. 1958 — Braddock, “An Extension of the Lasswell Formula”: two more questions are added — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  281. 1958 — Conference on style: Jakobson’s closing statement is delivered — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  282. 1959 — Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (American edition; first published as a 1956 monograph) — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  283. 1959 — Mills, The Sociological Imagination: the “grand theory” critique — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  284. 1959 — Work: Mills, C. Wright (1959). The sociological imagination. New York: Oxford University Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  285. 1959 — Kornhauser, The Politics of Mass Society — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  286. 1959 — Berelson’s “the state of communication research” essay and Schramm’s reply: the phrase “founding fathers” appears for the first time (according to Pooley) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  287. 1959 — Riley and Riley, “Mass communication and the social system” (Sociology Today) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  288. 1959 — Work: Riley, John W.; Riley, Matilda White (1959). Mass communication and the social system. In Merton, Robert K.; Broom, Leonard; Cottrell, Leonard S., Jr. (Eds.), Sociology today: Problems and prospects. Basic Books. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  289. 1960 — Work: Wright, Charles R. (1960). Functional analysis and mass communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24(4), 605-620. https://doi.org/10.1086/266976 — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  290. 1960 — Wright, “Functional Analysis and Mass Communication”: the functions become functional analysis — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  291. 1960 — Berlo, The Process of Communication (book) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  292. 1960 — Work: Berlo, David K. (1960). The process of communication: An introduction to theory and practice. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  293. 1960 — Work: Berlo, David K. (1960). The process of communication: An introduction to theory and practice. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  294. 1960 — Jakobson’s “Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics” is published (Style in Language) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  295. 1960 — Work: Jakobson, Roman (1960). Closing statement: Linguistics and poetics. In Sebeok, Thomas A. (Eds.), Style in language (pp. 350-377). Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Wiley & Sons. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  296. 1960 — Berlo refers to “hypodermic needle” concepts — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  297. 1960 — Work: Berlo, David K. (1960). The process of communication: An introduction to theory and practice. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  298. 1962 — Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: the paradigm — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  299. 1962 — Work: Kuhn, Thomas S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  300. 1962 — Ellul: Propagandes — A History of Propaganda
  301. 1962 — Work: Ellul, Jacques (1965 [1962]). Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. — A History of Propaganda
  302. 1963 — Maletzke: Psychologie der Massenkommunikation — What Is Communication?
  303. 1963 — Work: Maletzke, Gerhard (1963). Psychologie der Massenkommunikation: Theorie und Systematik. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut. — What Is Communication?
  304. 1963 — Schramm tells the “four founders” story in full in The Science of Human Communication (according to Pooley) — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  305. 1963 — Maletzke, Psychologie der Massenkommunikation: the field schema — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  306. 1963 — Work: Maletzke, Gerhard (1963). Psychologie der Massenkommunikation: Theorie und Systematik. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut. — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  307. 1963 — Cohen, The Press and Foreign Policy: the “what to think about” sentence — Agenda-Setting
  308. 1963 — Work: Cohen, Bernard C. (1963). The Press and Foreign Policy (1st). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. — Agenda-Setting
  309. 1966 — Died: Ernest W. Burgess
  310. 1967 — Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson: Pragmatics of Human Communication (the five axioms) — What Is Communication?
  311. 1967 — Mehrabian and colleagues’ two studies behind the “7-38-55” figures — What Is Communication?
  312. 1967 — Work: Watzlawick, Paul; Beavin, Janet Helmick; Jackson, Don D. (1967). Pragmatics of human communication: A study of interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes. New York: W. W. Norton. — What Is Communication?
  313. 1968 — TRT’s television test broadcast (31 January 1968) — A History of Mass Media
  314. 1968 — Chapel Hill study: 100 undecided voters, nine media sources (September–October 1968) — Agenda-Setting
  315. 1969 — Gerbner: the “Toward Cultural Indicators” article — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  316. 1969 — Work: Gerbner, George (1969). Toward “Cultural Indicators”: The analysis of mass mediated public message systems. AV Communication Review, 17(2), 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769102 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  317. 1969 — Blumer, Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  318. 1969 — Work: Blumer, Herbert (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  319. 1969 — Work: Gerbner, George (1969). Toward “Cultural Indicators”: The analysis of mass mediated public message systems. AV Communication Review, 17(2), 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769102 — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  320. 1969 — Work: Gerbner, George (1969). Toward “Cultural Indicators”: The analysis of mass mediated public message systems. AV Communication Review, 17(2), 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769102 — Cultivation Theory
  321. 1969 — Died: Hadley Cantril
  322. 1970 — Dance: “The ‘Concept’ of Communication” (15 themes in definitions) — What Is Communication?
  323. 1970 — Work: Dance, Frank E. X. (1970). The “concept” of communication. Journal of Communication, 20(2), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00877.x — What Is Communication?
  324. 1971 — Schramm rewrites the chapter as “The Nature of Communication between Humans” — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  325. 1971 — Work: Schramm, Wilbur (1971). The nature of communication between humans. In Schramm, Wilbur; Roberts, Donald F. (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (rev. ed.) (pp. 3-53). University of Illinois Press. — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  326. 1971 — Schramm claims the name “Bullet Theory” — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  327. 1971 — Work: Schramm, Wilbur (1971). The nature of communication between humans. In Schramm, Wilbur; Roberts, Donald F. (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (rev. ed.). University of Illinois Press. — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  328. 1972 — McCombs and Shaw, “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media” (Public Opinion Quarterly) — Agenda-Setting
  329. 1972 — Three-wave voter panel in Charlotte; birth of the need-for-orientation concept — Agenda-Setting
  330. 1972 — Work: McCombs, Maxwell E.; Shaw, Donald L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990 — Agenda-Setting
  331. 1973 — Noelle-Neumann: return to the concept of powerful mass media — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  332. 1973 — Funkhouser: press coverage, public opinion and real-world indicators on the issues of the 1960s — Agenda-Setting
  333. 1973 — Work: Funkhouser, G. Ray (1973). The issues of the sixties: An exploratory study in the dynamics of public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1086/268060 — Agenda-Setting
  334. 1973 — Work: Funkhouser, G. Ray (1973). Trends in media coverage of the issues of the ’60s. Journalism Quarterly, 50(3), 533-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907305000317 — Agenda-Setting
  335. 1974 — Phillips: suicide stories and subsequent suicides — Roots of Social Thought
  336. 1974 — Work: McLeod, Jack M.; Becker, Lee B.; Byrnes, James E. (1974). Another look at the agenda-setting function of the press. Communication Research, 1(2), 131-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027400100201 — Agenda-Setting
  337. 1974 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x — The Spiral of Silence
  338. 1974 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1974). Die Schweigespirale: Über die Entstehung der öffentlichen Meinung. In Forsthoff, Ernst; Hörstel, Reinhard (Eds.), Standorte im Zeitstrom: Festschrift für Arnold Gehlen (pp. 299-330). Athenäum. — The Spiral of Silence
  339. 1974 — Died: Walter Lippmann
  340. 1976 — Dance and Larson list 126 definitions of communication — What Is Communication?
  341. 1976 — Glass: the term “meta-analysis” — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  342. 1976 — Work: Glass, Gene V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x005010003 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  343. 1976 — Work: Gerbner, George; Gross, Larry (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x — Cultivation Theory
  344. 1976 — Died: Paul Lazarsfeld
  345. 1978 — Gitlin: critique of the limited-effects “dominant paradigm” — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  346. 1978 — Work: Zucker, Harold Gene (1978). The variable nature of news media influence. In Ruben, Brent D. (Eds.), Communication Yearbook 2 (pp. 225-240). Transaction Books. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1978.11923728 — Agenda-Setting
  347. 1978 — Died: Harold D. Lasswell
  348. 1978 — Died: Warren Weaver
  349. 1979 — Rosenthal: the “file-drawer problem” — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  350. 1979 — Work: Rosenthal, Robert (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638-641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  351. 1979 — Died: Talcott Parsons
  352. 1980 — Work: Weaver, David H. (1980). Audience need for orientation and media effects. Communication Research, 7(3), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365028000700305 — Agenda-Setting
  353. 1980 — Work: Gerbner, George; Gross, Larry; Morgan, Michael; Signorielli, Nancy (1980). The “mainstreaming” of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01987.x — Cultivation Theory
  354. 1980 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1980). Die Schweigespirale: Öffentliche Meinung – unsere soziale Haut (1. Auflage). München; Zürich: Piper. — The Spiral of Silence
  355. 1980 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1984 [1980]). The spiral of silence: Public opinion – our social skin (1st English edition (2nd edition 1993)). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. — The Spiral of Silence
  356. 1981 — Work: Winter, James P.; Eyal, Chaim H. (1981). Agenda setting for the civil rights issue. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45(3), 376-383. https://doi.org/10.1086/268671 — Agenda-Setting
  357. 1982 — Iyengar, Peters and Kinder: television-news experiments — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  358. 1982 — Iyengar, Peters and Kinder’s television news experiments — Agenda-Setting
  359. 1982 — Work: Iyengar, Shanto; Peters, Mark D.; Kinder, Donald R. (1982). Experimental demonstrations of the “not-so-minimal” consequences of television news programs. American Political Science Review, 76(4), 848-858. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962976 — Agenda-Setting
  360. 1982 — Died: Erving Goffman
  361. 1982 — Died: Roman Jakobson
  362. 1984 — Giddens, The Constitution of Society: the duality of structure — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  363. 1984 — Work: Giddens, Anthony (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  364. 1984 — Reicher’s study of the Bristol St Pauls events (events of April 1980) — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  365. 1984 — Died: Theodore M. Newcomb
  366. 1985 — Meyrowitz, No Sense of Place: electronic media and the boundaries of the stage — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  367. 1985 — Work: Meyrowitz, Joshua (1985). No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press. — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  368. 1985 — Work: Behr, Roy L.; Iyengar, Shanto (1985). Television news, real-world cues, and changes in the public agenda. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49(1), 38-57. https://doi.org/10.1086/268900 — Agenda-Setting
  369. 1987 — Died: Herbert Blumer
  370. 1987 — Died: Wilbur Schramm
  371. 1988 — Work: Squire, Peverill (1988). Why the 1936 Literary Digest poll failed. Public Opinion Quarterly, 52(1), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1086/269085 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  372. 1988 — Herman and Chomsky: Manufacturing Consent — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  373. 1989 — Carey: Communication as Culture (transmission and ritual views) — What Is Communication?
  374. 1989 — Work: Carey, James W. (1989). Communication as culture: Essays on media and society. Boston: Unwin Hyman. — What Is Communication?
  375. 1989 — Sproule: the magic bullet myth — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  376. 1989 — Work: Demers, David Pearce; Craff, Dennis; Choi, Yang-Ho; Pessin, Beth M. (1989). Issue obtrusiveness and the agenda-setting effects of national network news. Communication Research, 16(6), 793-812. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365089016006004 — Agenda-Setting
  377. 1989 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1989). Öffentliche Meinung: Die Entdeckung der Schweigespirale (1989 (later editions 1991, 1996)). Frankfurt am Main; Berlin: Ullstein. — The Spiral of Silence
  378. 1990 — Motley questions the axiom “one cannot not communicate”; Bavelas replies — What Is Communication?
  379. 1990 — Work: Krosnick, Jon A.; Kinder, Donald R. (1990). Altering the foundations of support for the president through priming. American Political Science Review, 84(2), 497-512. https://doi.org/10.2307/1963531 — Agenda-Setting
  380. 1991 — Died: Charles E. Osgood
  381. 1993 — CERN puts the Web software in the public domain (30 April 1993) — A History of Mass Media
  382. 1993 — Potter, Cooper and Dupagne: counting three paradigms in journals — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  383. 1993 — Berrou, Glavieux and Thitimajshima: turbo-codes with performance close to the Shannon limit — The Lasswell and Shannon–Weaver Models
  384. 1994 — Work: Roberts, Marilyn; McCombs, Maxwell (1994). Agenda setting and political advertising: Origins of the news agenda. Political Communication, 11(3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1994.9963030 — Agenda-Setting
  385. 1994 — Died: Jacques Ellul
  386. 1994 — Died: Karl Popper
  387. 1995 — Died: Edward L. Bernays
  388. 1996 — Died: Solomon Asch
  389. 1996 — Died: David K. Berlo
  390. 1996 — Died: Thomas S. Kuhn
  391. 1997 — Second-level agenda-setting study in the Spanish elections (McCombs and colleagues) — Agenda-Setting
  392. 1997 — Work: McCombs, Maxwell; Llamas, Juan Pablo; Lopez-Escobar, Esteban; Rey, Federico (1997). Candidate images in Spanish elections: Second-level agenda-setting effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703-717. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400404 — Agenda-Setting
  393. 1998 — Work: Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (1998). Kamuoyu: Suskunluk Sarmalının Keşfi (Turkish translation by Murat Özkök). Ankara: Dost Kitabevi. — The Spiral of Silence
  394. 1999 — Craig, Communication Theory as a Field: seven traditions — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  395. 1999 — Work: Craig, Robert T. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9(2), 119-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355.x — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  396. 2001 — Work: Shoemaker, Pamela J.; Eichholz, Martin; Kim, Eunyi; Wrigley, Brenda (2001). Individual and routine forces in gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900107800202 — Agenda-Setting
  397. 2001 — Died: Claude E. Shannon
  398. 2003 — Died: Robert K. Merton
  399. 2004 — Work: Wanta, Wayne; Golan, Guy; Lee, Cheolhan (2004). Agenda setting and international news: Media influence on public perceptions of foreign nations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(2), 364-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900408100209 — Agenda-Setting
  400. 2004 — Died: William Kornhauser
  401. 2005 — Died: George Gerbner
  402. 2006 — Bennett and Manheim: the “one-step flow” — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  403. 2006 — Work: Walgrave, Stefaan; Van Aelst, Peter (2006). The contingency of the mass media’s political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. Journal of Communication, 56(1), 88-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00005.x — Agenda-Setting
  404. 2007 — Castells: mass self-communication — What Is Communication?
  405. 2007 — Work: Castells, Manuel (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society. International Journal of Communication, 1, 238-266. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/46/35 — What Is Communication?
  406. 2007 — Work: Wallsten, Kevin (2007). Agenda setting and the blogosphere: An analysis of the relationship between mainstream media and political blogs. Review of Policy Research, 24(6), 567-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2007.00300.x — Agenda-Setting
  407. 2007 — Died: Paul Watzlawick
  408. 2008 — Meyrowitz: the narratives of power, pleasure and pattern — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  409. 2008 — Schudson shows that the “Lippmann–Dewey debate” was built in the 1980s–90s — Propaganda and Public Opinion: Lippmann and Lasswell
  410. 2008 — Work: Matthes, Jörg (2008). Need for orientation as a predictor of agenda-setting effects: Causal evidence from a two-wave panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20(4), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edn042 — Agenda-Setting
  411. 2010 — McQuail, Mass Communication Theory, 6th edition (first edition 1983) — What Is a Theory? Paradigms and Classifications
  412. 2010 — Work: Kwak, Haewoon; Lee, Changhyun; Park, Hosung; Moon, Sue (2010). What is Twitter, a social network or a news media?. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’10), 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1145/1772690.1772751 — Agenda-Setting
  413. 2010 — Work: Media Education Foundation. The mean world syndrome: Media violence & the cultivation of fear (film transcript). Media Education Foundation (2010). https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Mean-World-Syndrome-Transcript.pdf — Cultivation Theory
  414. 2010 — Died: Gerhard Maletzke
  415. 2010 — Died: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
  416. 2011 — Simmons and colleagues: “False-Positive Psychology” — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  417. 2011 — Work: Simmons, Joseph P.; Nelson, Leif D.; Simonsohn, Uri (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359-1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  418. 2011 — Marwick and boyd: context collapse and the imagined audience — Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
  419. 2011 — Pariser, The Filter Bubble — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  420. 2011 — Work: Pariser, Eli (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. New York: Penguin Press. — Mass Society and Mass Culture Theory
  421. 2013 — Pooley and Socolow: the myth of the Mars “panic” — The Hypodermic Needle and Magic Bullet Model
  422. 2014 — Kramer and colleagues: the 689,003-person Facebook experiment — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  423. 2014 — Kulkarni: Jakobson’s phatic function in instant messaging (Discourse & Communication) — Other Models: Jakobson, Gerbner, Maletzke
  424. 2014 — Work: Neuman, W. Russell; Guggenheim, Lauren; Jang, S. Mo; Bae, Soo Young (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agenda-setting theory meets big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12088 — Agenda-Setting
  425. 2015 — Open Science Collaboration: repeating 100 psychology studies — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  426. 2015 — Work: Conway, Bethany A.; Kenski, Kate; Wang, Di (2015). The rise of Twitter in the political campaign: Searching for intermedia agenda-setting effects in the presidential primary. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), 363-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12124 — Agenda-Setting
  427. 2016 — Sapienza and colleagues reconstruct the history of the transmission model — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  428. 2016 — Work: Algül, And (2016). Gündem belirleme teorisi bağlamında 7 Haziran 2015 genel seçimleri sonrası koalisyon görüşmelerinin Türk basınında sunumu. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.19145/guifd.74800 — Agenda-Setting
  429. 2017 — Work: Lohr, Sharon L.; Brick, J. Michael (2017). Roosevelt predicted to win: Revisiting the 1936 Literary Digest poll. Statistics, Politics and Policy, 8(1), 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1515/spp-2016-0006 — Research Methods in Mass Communication
  430. 2017 — Pooley analyses how Schramm’s “four founders” story was built — Process Models: Schramm, Berlo, Westley–MacLean, Newcomb
  431. 2017 — Work: Vargo, Chris J.; Guo, Lei (2017). Networks, big data, and intermedia agenda setting: An analysis of traditional, partisan, and emerging online U.S. news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(4), 1031-1055. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016679976 — Agenda-Setting
  432. 2017 — Died: Denis McQuail
  433. 2018 — O’Sullivan and Carr: the masspersonal communication model — What Is Communication?
  434. 2018 — Work: O’Sullivan, Patrick B.; Carr, Caleb T. (2018). Masspersonal communication: A model bridging the mass-interpersonal divide. New Media & Society, 20(3), 1161-1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686104 — What Is Communication?
  435. 2019 — Work: Barberá, Pablo; Casas, Andreu; Nagler, Jonathan; Egan, Patrick J.; Bonneau, Richard; Jost, John T.; Tucker, Joshua A. (2019). Who leads? Who follows? Measuring issue attention and agenda setting by legislators and the mass public using social media data. American Political Science Review, 113(4), 883-901. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000352 — Agenda-Setting
  436. 2020 — Work: Guo, Lei; Vargo, Chris (2020). “Fake news” and emerging online media ecosystem: An integrated intermedia agenda-setting analysis of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Communication Research, 47(2), 178-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650218777177 — Agenda-Setting
  437. 2020 — Work: Hazar, Çetin Murat; Sbouh, Suha (2020). Kitle iletişimde gündem belirleme kuramı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi ve An Najah National Üniversitesi. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 47, 451-483. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.773231 — Agenda-Setting
  438. 2024 — Died: Bernard Cohen
  439. 2024 — Died: Maxwell McCombs